Mr. Sontag’s work focuses on the interactions between end use loads, the electric grid, and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as leveraging distributed energy resources to enhance a clean energy future. Since joining E3 in 2016, he has led the development of E3’s building decarbonization analysis toolkit, including models that calculate upfront consumer costs, ongoing utility bills, grid impacts, avoided utility costs, and attributable emissions for a variety of space heating and water heating technologies in a variety of building types. He has developed avoided cost models that leverage knowledge of wholesale energy markets and utility regulations to calculate the hourly avoided utility costs and emissions impacts of demand side programs and building standards. He has also worked extensively on the topic of flexible loads, both in terms of modeling their impact on building decarbonization efforts, along with understanding the emerging regulatory and wholesale market opportunities for DER technology providers and aggregators.